Biological Drawing

In Science, we have also learnt how to draw a proper cell and we use the rules of biological drawings.

Rules for making biological drawings
- Draw what you see, not what you expect to see.
- Use a sharp HB pencil and clean eraser.
- Make the drawing as large as possible.
- Draw the main features. Cells are relatively complicated and there is no need to draw very detail.
- Use clear bold lines Sketches and lines that ae cross over each other unacceptable.
- Don't use shading or cross-hatching. Generally stipping (using dots) is not allowed but permitted by some schools - check with your teacher,
- Plant cells generally don't exist in isolation so you shouldn't have gaps between plant cells
- Add an appropriate title that identifies the biological material used, shows the magnification used and any stain used.
- Label organelles AND features of the cells.

NO doodling on the side of the paper. Make sure just put what the instruction asked for and nothing else.

Microscope Slide

In Science, we have also learnt how to set up a microscope slide to be able to see the different organelles under the lens. In this task, we have look through the onion skin.

Basic Slide Preparation Equipment
Stain - A chemical stain is often used to dye the cell (for particular organelles) so they are more visible.
Tweezers - For manipulating the line specimen and coverslip.
Coverslip - A very hin piece of glass used to hold the specimen flat and keep it in place.
Slide - It's made of glass, this is used to hold the specimen.
Specimen - MUst be transparent and thin.

How to set it up: (Making Slide)
1) Place your specimen in the middle of a clean slide. Ensure that the specimen is laying flat and not folded over on itself.

2) Add 2-3 drops of the stain solution. Plant cells are commonly stained with iodine, whereas animal cells are commonly stained with methylene blue. Both of these solutions stain the nucleus of each cell (and your fingers and clothes, so be careful).

3) Holding a coverslip by its edges in your left hand, manoeuvre it so that the bottom edge of the coverslip makes contact with both the slide and the edge of the stain solutions. With your right hand, support the top edge of the coverslip with a pair of tweezers.

4) Gently lower the coverslip with the tweezers, ensuring that no air bubbles are trapped under the coverslip.

5) Place your slide on the microscope stage and examine it under low-power magnification.

Microscope

In Science, we are also learning about the parts of a microscope and the jobs they do.

What is a Microscope?
Microscopes are used to magnify objects that are too small to see with our eyes and it makes the little object to see in a large amount.

Parts of the Microscope:
Eye-piece lens - The lens we look through that usually 10x magnification.
Objective lens - The objective lens has three lenses and those three has a different range of magnification such as 4x, 40x and sometimes 400x
Stage - The stage is the flat platform where you put the slides it on.
Light Source - Sometimes a microscope has a mirror to reflect the light towards the specimen.
Switch - To turn on and off the light or the illuminator.
Base - The base supports the Microscope
Neck - Supports the tube or the Eye-piece lens and connects to the base of the microscope
Stage Clip - Stage Clip holds the slides in place on the stage
Coarse focus knob - Bring the slides into general focus and it helps to move the stages and lenses relative to each other.
Fine focus knob - It also does the same thing as the coarse focus knob but in a smaller amount.

Parts of a Cell

In Science, we have been learning about cells and what are the parts of the cells.

What are cells?
Cells are very small. They are the basic building blocks of all animals and plants. Animal and plants are made of cells but they are quite different. Cells are made up of different parts and they are called organelles.

In the plant cell, we have:
The Nucleus
Large Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm

What do they do?
The Nucleus is the organelle which stores the DNA. Large Vacuole can hold food for later use or waste for removal, in other words, it's used for storage. Cell wall helps with the structuring the plant because they don't have bones. The Cell Membrane is the organelle that it only lets certain molecules to enter and exit. The chloroplast is the organelle that absorbs sunlight and used to produce food for the plant. The cytoplasm is the jelly stuff that holds them together so they won't go around.

In an animal cell: we have
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole

What do they do?
The Nucleus is organelle in an animal cell, it is also the same as the plant, it also stored the DNA. The cytoplasm is the part where it holds the organelles in place. The Cell Membrane allows things to enter and exit. The vacuole is the thing used for storage.

Diffusion

The Behavior of Matter - Diffusion

When gas particles, like the perfumes in a can of deodorant, are released into a room they are free to move in any direction. Eventually, they will spread throughout the entire room. The scientist called this diffusion.

Aim:
 To observe diffusion in a liquid.

Hypothesis:
The crystal will dissolve and the colour of the crystal will spread in the water.

Equipment:
 Petri dish, tweezers, a crystal of potassium permanganate.

Method:
1. Half fill your petri dish with cold tap water.
2. Place the petri dish on your workbench and allow the water to become settled.
3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in the centre of the petri dish.
4. Observe for 5 minutes.
5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.

Observation:
In cold water -  It takes a while to spread around with cold water.
In hot water - It's quickly spread around. t has little bubbles in the middle of the crystal.

Explanation:
The potassium permanganate crystal spread quickly because the warm water can make the particle move faster than the cold water.

The Contraction || The Imploding Can

The behavior of Matter -  Contraction

Solids, liquid, and gases all expand when they are heated. Similarly, when substances are cooled they contact as the particles move closer together.

The Imploding Can 

Aim: 

To observe contraction in gases.

Hypothesis:

It will explode.

Equipment:

Bunsen burner, Tongs, Ice cream container, Can, Safety glasses, heatproof mat.

Method: 

1. Set up a Bunsen burner underneath a tripod and gauze mat.

2. Pour approximately 50-60 mL of water into your can. It should be no more than 1/4 full.

3. Heat the can of water until steam is seen escaping from the top.

- Carefully grip the can with the scissor tongs. Ensure you have a firm hold of the can before lifting it off the gauze mat.

4. Quickly, but very' carefully, invert the can as you plunge it into a container of water.

Observation:

The water was boiling because of the heat and the can squeeze up.

Explanation: 

The can suddenly squeeze up because the particles starting to move around when it's heated but when you put it in cold water the particles will stop moving.

Distillation Experiment

Aim:

To separate a solute from a solvent in Coke

Hypothesis:

I think the solvent will change the colour or it will be colourless and the solvent could make a crystal because you heated up.

I think the solute would be sugar and caffeine.

I think the solute will change color like the colour of the solvent. In other words, the color of the solvent will be in the solute and the colour of the solvent will be colour-less or it will change.

Equipment:

A solution of coke, conical flask, heatproof mat, a delivery tube, and bung, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze mat, retort stand, boss head, and clamp, boiling tube

Method:

1. Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram.

2. Add approximately 50 mL of saltwater to your conical flask

3. Light your Bunsen burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen burner under the tripod

4. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off your Bunsen burner.

Results/Observation:

When the solvent started to boil up the water started to evaporate into a test tube. In the end, we can saw the burnt sugar and the other ingredients of the coke. In the we can see the thick burnt of the normal coke and the normal coke has more sugar than the other coke like Diet Coke and the Coke Zero.

Conclusion:

My hypothesis is not matched on what happened because I thought that it would change or will be colourless the solvent.

Discussion.

The coke evaporated due to the heat of the Bunsen burner. It wich the water evaporates from the coke the ran through the delivery tube

Evaluation:

the experiment was successful and it was right we did the experiment correctly. The distillation was right because I can see the water distillate. Maybe we could improve more by focusing more on the experiment.

Ping Pong Ball Experiment

The purpose of this blog post is to demonstrate the scientific method. This is part it the end of the topic assessment. 

Aim:

The Aim of the experiment is to measure how high the ball bounce depending on how high you drop it from

Hypothesis:

The hypothesis is the more you drop the ball higher the more it's gonna bounces.

Method: 
Step 1: Gather all the Equipment
Step 2: Set it up.
Step 3: Person(a) should hold the ruler vertically and straight.
Step 4: The other person(b) should look at the ruler/measure the height the ping pong ball drop.

Step 5: The person(a) holding the ruler should drop the ping pong ball in three different kinds of height.
Step 6: The other person(b) should pay attention to the ball& ruler
Step 7: You should do three trial in that three different kinds of height to compare.
Step 8: Put the result.
Step 9: Add the three trial together in 40m and divide the answer into three.
Step 10: Repeat step 9 in the other height.
  

Results - Graph:

Drop Height(m)	Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 4	Average
40	26	22	27	25
60	37	36	35	36
100	52	53	55	53

Discussion + Conclusion: 
The higher you drop the ball the higher it's bounce because of the more speed up the higher its gonna bounce. It matches my hypothesis because when I thought when I drop it higher it will bounce higher.

Evaluation:
It's improved because I followed the method and we did 3 trials and we drop it different height and we compared them if there are any different.

Science- Method

In science, we are learning to make the method so that the experiment is accurate.

How to make a Sandwich?

By Jhermaine and Faith

Step 1: Gather all the equipment to make Sandwich.
(eg. Plate, knife, bread, butter, marmite)
Step 2: Wash your hands with soap and wash it with water and make sure you dry it with a paper towel.
Step 3: Take 2 slices of bread and put on the plate.
Step 4: Open the lead of the butter.
Step 5: you grab the knife and hold it in by the handle of the knife properly.
Step 6: You dip the knife in the butter and scoop the butter with the tip of your knife.
Step  7: You spread the butter in one side of the bread and don't spread it in the crust.
Step 8: Wash the knife or use another knife
Step9: Open the lead of the Marmite and you dip your knife in the marmite.
Step 10: Take the other bread and spread the marmite on it (not the crust)
Step 11: Take both of your bread and put them together facing each other

Why is it important to have a detailed method?
It's important to have a detailed method so whatever your making will be right and the experiment you do will be successful.